DEFENSIVE DRIVING TRAINING

DEFENSIVE DRIVING

Defensive Driving is the goal of driving safely saves time, money, and save lives. Although it is due to the actions of people / other drivers around you and / or conditions are not favorable.

Driving defensively means adjusting the way you drive to the circumstances in order to prevent accidents, save time and money. A defensive driver knows that the other driver's attention means attention to himself. He gave way to other drivers to overcome their mistakes. Defensive driver is unlikely that affected ticket or accident. That is why they can save time and money on a journey.

Occurrence of Accidents Cause and Effect 

 a. Less Control
        1) Lack of preparation and driving do not follow guidelines
        2) Lack of supervision of his superiors.
 b. Basic Cause
        1) Human Factors (driver)
            Example: due to physical limitations of the driver (too tall, too short, fat / fat, skinny)
        2) Job Factors and Vehicle
            Example: unhealthy working conditions, excessive working hours, the vehicle is not road worthy.
  c. Direct Cause
       1) Actions which endanger the driver (unsafe action)

          Example: One or late signal, less thorough check of vehicle condition, driving force yourself when 

          physical and mental conditions do not permit, speeding, joking while driving, working to do something  

          else  while driving, acting reckless.

        2) Conditions that harm (unsafe condition)
            Example: room cramped cabin, one or more components of the vehicle is not functioning properly  

           (tires, brakes, steering system, lights, etc.), slippery roads and rocky, foggy weather.
Accident Types
a. Preventable accidents (preventable Accident)
Example: an accident because the driver's drowsiness, the tire exploded, perforated brake, was hit from behind, accidents due to foggy weather.
b. Accidents that Can not Be Prevented (Unpreventable Accident)

In principle that accidents caused by human factors, vehicle, road, traffic, light and weather, is are all factors that can be prevented. Only natural factors or rather a natural disaster and the fate that can not be determined, fate is a factor beyond human capability. Example: accidents due to landslides, fallen trees, wind, earthquake.

3. Six Conditions While Driving
There are six kinds of conditions that affect you while driving. Your ability to know these conditions and potential dangers that exist, will determine your ability to drive a vehicle. The six conditions are: driver, vehicle, road, traffic, light, and weather.
a. Driver Condition
Driving is a job that requires a healthy mind and a good consideration. Confusion briefly to bring harm or got a ticket. The best conditions require your full attention. These conditions include:
1) If you are too tired to drive, get someone else to replace while. If forced to drive, find a safe place and 

    stop for a while.
2) If you're driving long distance, stop to rest and relieve tension at certain times.
3) If you are in a state of angry or confused, angry or lost confused cool before driving.
4) If you get prescription medications, ask your doctor about the effects of the medication on your ability to 

     drive.
5) If the conduct periodic health checks do not forget to check your eyes and ears.
6) Feeling like an excessive time driving as dangerous as driving when feeling uncomfortable. Therefore, if  

     you   feel uncomfortable, mengemudilah with more carefully or ask for help someone else drive the vehicle. In this way everything will be safe.
b. Vehicle Condition
When you think about how the vehicle is extremely valuable for your safety and comfort, so now think about the state of cleanliness and how you care for her. Some parts of vehicles that require your attention include:
1) Air pressure, tires, yeast tires, spare tire.
2) large light: clean and straight.
3) rear lights
4) Light hazard
5) Lamp sein
6) Horn
7) Cleaning windshield
8) Removal of glass / wiper
9) Belt: fan belt, power steering, safety belts.
10) Filter: oil, air
11) Muffler
12) Speedmeter.
13) limits the content of brake fluid, oil, power steering, battery, radiator
14) Other: child safety seats.
c. Road Conditions
There are three kinds of road conditions that must be considered:
1) Notice the way
    Is the straight road, slope, derivative, flat?
2) Watch the road surface
    a) Does the road cement, asphalt, sand, mud, or gravel?
    b) Does the road is dry, wet or slippery?
    c) Is it flat or bumpy roads?
    d) Is the pathways and curb clearly visible?
3) Attention Shoulder Road
    Is it safe to pass in an emergency?
d. Traffic Conditions

Traffic may be solid or may be lonely. Morning, noon, and evening, is the rush hour, so traffic is very dense at all. Therefore, by knowing the points congestion / density of traffic and hours of congestion / traffic density, you will be able to estimate the travel time would you travel. You will try to find alternative roads or you will accelerate / delay your trip, so your time is not wasted.

Traffic flow may be fast or slow. Mengemudilah according to speed traffic flow. If you are driving slower then stay in left lane. Know that you also have to treat pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, just politely with other motor vehicles. So when you see pedestrians or motorists cross the street (even though such action is not justified) then you still have to be patient and give in to them. Remember defensive driver will always try to avoid the accident, whether due to own fault or the fault of others.

e. Light Conditions

The intensity of light affects your ability to see and affect other drivers see you. At night, your pupils open wide so that light can enter as much as possible. Vision will be dark if there is a light vehicle from the front, and your pupils will return to normal within 4-7 seconds. This means that the speed of 80 km an hour, your car will go as far as ± 320 meters in a state of "dark". So if you see a vehicle in front of the headlights, then you have to do is:

1) The road slowly, larger distances in italics.
2) Blink your lights as a signal to the driver's vehicle coming from the front to change the direction of the lights.
3) Consider the left side of the road up to the roadside boundary.

At night, the driver was driving too fast makes it hard to see a danger and act in time, this event is called "over-driving your headlights."

To prevent that you do not glare in the daytime, wear a pair of sunglasses. Good sunglasses will help you to be able to see more clearly in the glare. Against glare due to direct sunlight, you can turn your car sun barrier ahead and set it to protect your eyes.

f. Weather Conditions

Weather can affect you see and be seen. Rain and fog can reduce your ability to see the street, the center line, and traffic signs. It also can help the road slippery and reduces the ability of vehicles to stop, start, and turned. When drizzle or new rain soaked streets, roads will become more slippery and dangerous, because water will dissolve the dirt, dust and oil, which is on the road.

When rainy weather you may also experience an event called hydroplaning or aquaplaning. Hydroplaning is a condition of driving on a thin layer of water, so it does not touch the road. Hydroplaning occurs because one or a combination of three factors:

1) The speed is too high
2) The road slippery, or too much water
3) Ban bald

While the fog is water vapor and reflect light. So if you are wearing the light far away, its light directly into the fog and reflect back the light. The result will reduce the ability of the eye to see who and what's in front of you. Therefore you are driving in foggy places do it:

1) Reduce speed
2) Use the fog lights that light leads down, or you can use the hazard lights.
Position While Driving

The ability of a defensive driver is also determined by knowledge of potential hazards in any position of driving time and know what to do to act in a timely manner in order to overcome these dangers. The position of driving time are:

a. In front of your vehicle

Use the 2 second rule is "ONE THOUSAND AND ONE, ONE THOUSAND AND TWO" or "Thousand ONE AND ONE, ONE AND TWO Thousand." The trick is as follows: "When the vehicle in front of you pass a sign such as: bridges, lampposts, or a line on the road, then start counting from the back of his vehicle THOUSAND AND ONE, ONE THOUSAND AND TWO. If you reach the marker before it runs out then you calculate the distance you are too close. If you are finished counting right behind the sign, then your distance with the vehicle in front is correct. Therefore, continuous training procession distance rule this 2 seconds until it becomes a habit. With 2 second rule is you will have a safe distance to anticipate all possibilities that will happen to the vehicle in front of you.

b. Vehicles in your Rear
Here are some things to do when there are vehicles behind you:
1) Give the convenience to the vehicle behind you so that can adjust the speed with your vehicle. Use lights and brake lights directions for other drivers to understand. 2) Reduce speed and slowly stop using the rules of the procession a distance of 2 seconds to the vehicle in front.
3) When the vehicle behind you follow too close, then reduce speed and give it to him to precede. Add distance to the vehicle in front of the procession to 4 seconds. Gradually reduce speed and help to give way.
Note: Rules distance procession 2 and 4 seconds done when the driver's condition, vehicles, roads, traffic, light and weather, in normal circumstances.
c. Preceded precede or
Before you go ahead, ask yourself "Do I need to precede", if necessary, then do the following things:
1) Stay in the back with 2 second rule.
a) Note the future. Is there a vehicle coming from the front? If there is not preceded!
b) Note the vehicle behind and places that are not visible.
c) Give a sign to the right.
2) Move right
a) Add a speed
b) Put a ring signal lights and horn to the vehicle you are ahead.
c) Put a left and stay alert to places that are not visible.
3) Move to the left
a) Turn off the lights Signpost
b) Return to a safe speed.

If you precede the other vehicle, the driver for help to precede immediately. Note the vehicle coming from the front and reduce speed. If the driver may need a place to be in front of you, reduce speed. In this way both will be secure and safe.

d. Vehicles That Come From Home
Do things as follows:
1) Read the situation of street
2) Reduce your speed
3) Move the vehicle left
4) Move the vehicle out of the way
If you're forced to run out the way then look for:
1) Place a soft, such as: grass, shrubs, hedges
2) fixed objects such as trees is relatively small, car parking, or signs.
3) Move according to your direction even if it means crashing into a vehicle that direction.
4) Look! If you have to hit a fixed object or there is no other choice and have to hit a vehicle coming from the front, then grazed is a good option compared to the total collision.
e. Driving at the Crossroads

Your driving ability will be tested at the time you are in the intersection. These include 5 the driving position as well. Therefore be prepared to budge. Sometimes it means succumbing slowly, stops, to help other drivers to give your right.

f. Retreat
DO NOT BACK - DO NOT BACK - DO NOT BACK, BACK ONLY IF REALLY NEED.
Backward movement is a dangerous situation. Therefore reverse only when the state was forced, so do not be backward if not absolutely necessary. Calculate the "Blind Spots" at your time back. Blind Spots are areas around the vehicle that is not affordable vision through the rearview mirror. The emergence of blind spots is the result of the limitations of the rearview mirror. To try to minimize the blind spots as often as possible (once every 50-10 seconds) to see the rearview mirror (left, right or in the cabin) in a way cast.
Nine key principal to resign:
1) Pay attention to the back with a clear (direct view by turning the head).
2) Sound the horn before the retreat
3) Immediately withdraw (do not believe that the situation will remain the same last seen).
4) Back off slowly
5) When the retreat is always look at the rearview mirror (direct look at areas that are not visible in the rearview mirror)
6) Reverse taste
7) Reverse the direction clearly visible from the corner of the wheelhouse
8) Use the cue giver
9) If you park, try to immediately move forward when leaving.
g. Stop and Parking

Consider first the traffic signs ban on "stop and parking lot" if you will stop or parking. Do stop or parking in a safe place and do not interfere. After a stop or parking executed, use the hand brake and put the teeth in accordance with the slope of the parking lot. While distance is a secure parking:

1) ± as wide as the vehicle door plus one irritated, to park side by side (diagonal and vertical)
2) ± ¼ of the length of the vehicle, for parallel parking.
 

 h. Turn Turn (U-Turn)
If you are going to do turn round then do it and note the following:
1) Control the speed and watch the traffic signs.
2) See other vehicles around you (front, rear, left side, and on the road that will be entered).
3) The vehicle in front has the "right way ahead" is that in the back should have waited.
4) Put a light sein to play.
5) If the situation is safe or authorize, implement new turn round.
i. Driving in the Corner
Dangers of driving around the corner is the vehicle will be pushed to one side due to centrifugal force, and you do not see vehicles coming from the front. Therefore, do the following things:
1) Reduce speed
2) Stay in your lane. To reduce the rocking then you can be slightly to the side or ketengah when cornering, with a record of your vehicles do not get past the road markings.
3) Put a signal to the vehicle from the front. Horn signal for daytime and cue lights for night.
j. Driving on the Rise

Customize your teeth with the state climbs to get the engine power, because the ramp will reduce engine power. In making changes to the teeth should be as soft and as soon as possible, because if too late will allow the vehicle stalled or retreated, if this happens, usually the driver tends to push the pedal force that resulted in engine knocking (tingly), which will lead to further decrease the ability of the engine.

Also when driving ditanjakan you must be alert to the possibility of vehicles coming from front or behind the top of the hill, because your views will be limited.

k. Driving in Derivatives

The streets that will lead to decreased vehicle tends to slide, which may be beyond the ability of the engine. If this is allowed then the control will be difficult. To cope with these events then do it by road:

1) Lifting the foot from the accelerator.
2) Stepping on the brakes
3) Placing the transmission position according to the level of derivative
Practicing Alert

Practicing alert means you have to train the habit of seeing eye to get the cavity to driving safety. If the disorder is on a driver, there will be conflicts that can cause accidents or near accidents. The reason is because the driver can not properly use the power of vision. Habits are wrong in seeing is the element that often causes the driver late in anticipation of any conflict.

To improve the way in driving the correct view is to "practice alert" is by five principal methods of how to see. This method is a union of mutual support and should be trained continually, regularly, so it will become a habit that sticks.

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a. The first method Navigate VIEWS DISTANT FUTURE
With a direct view of the future as far as the eye sees, aims to:
1) Determine objectives to be achieved
2) Plan for each action
3) Placing a position on the right track
4) Reduce stress.
b. The second method GET BROADER VIEW
Eliminate all obstacles that can restrict vision. The purpose of this method are:
1) Knowing the whole picture is in front (stationary or moving object)
2) It can estimate any conflicts that may arise
3) Able to perform each movement with quiet.

c. The third method DIRECTION OF SIGHT always moving
This method can be implemented, among others, by the way: see the mirror every 5 / 8 seconds, see right - left - right at least every 2 seconds, and eye movement at least every 2 seconds. It aims:
1) It can ensure the actions of others clearly.
2) Can ensure a safe position.
d. The fourth method is ALWAYS WATCH THE ROAD OUT
"Always thinking, what if ....? Therefore, always provide a safe port for your vehicle, namely in the parking lot, as traffic congestion, timer, and so forth. It is intended that:
1) To avoid trapped in conflict areas.
2) Ease out of an obstacle
e. The fifth method MAKE SURE YOU SEE OTHERS
The method can be implemented, among others, by the way: communicate in a friendly with others, get feedback of eye contact or body movement, place your vehicle for obvious, and clearly show your movement. All this aims to:
1) Avoid for other people do not act suddenly
2) Avoid for other people do not hit you.
Standard Formula Accident Prevention

a. SEE, see the existence of a hazard
b. THINK, think to find out how to prevent it
c. DO, acted just in time to avoid danger.
The three elements mentioned above is the main occupation in driving. If you can use the three elements are correctly and accurately so you can avoid an accident.

Defensive Driver Criteria

By understanding that the essence of a defensive driver is not an accident as well as the abilities of a defensive driver to prevent accidents, then a defensive driver must meet the following criteria:

a. Do not violate traffic regulations.
b. Traffic manners
c. Driving without an accident
d. No damage to vehicle
e. Can set the time.